Tiny symbols with huge power in Python

Welcome back to Pandas Daily! Your daily 5-minute boost to becoming confident in Python.

In past issues, you might have already met some operators — those tiny symbols (+, -, >) that feel intuitive. Today’s issue is your cheat sheet of the most important ones. Reply to this email if you need a handy pdf of all operators.

"Operators" are special symbols or keywords that tell Python to perform an action on values or variables.

🔢 Arithmetic Operators

Some more math apart from basic addition, subtraction like modulus (%) and floor division (//)

  In [1]:

  a = 10

  b = 3

  print("Addition:", a + b)

  print("Subtraction:", a - b)

  print("Multiplication:", a * b)

  print("Exponent:", a ** b)

  print("Division:", a / b)

  print("\n") # to add a new line

  print("Floor division:", a // b) # Round to lower integer

  print("Modulus:", a % b) # Remainder

  Out [1]:

  Addition: 13

  Subtraction: 7

  Multiplication: 30

  Exponent: 1000

  Division: 3.3333333333333335

  Floor division: 3

  Modulus: 1

Note: See how we used comma (,) to print multiple things

🪞 We all compare sadly - Comparison Operators

  In [2]:

  x = 5

  y = 8

  print(x == y) # Is x same as y

  print(x != y) # Is x not equal to y

  print(x < y) # Is x less than y

  print(x >= y) # Is x greater than equal to y

  Out [2]:

  False

  True

  True

  False

👉 Assignment operators - No they won't do your college assignments

Assign values and update variables efficiently.

Instead of writing count = count + 2, we can use (+=) to shorten it

  In [3]:

  count = 5

  print(count)

  count += 2 # count = count + 2 -> 7

  print(count)

  Out [3]:

  5

  7

And much more stuff efficiently..

  In [4]:

  count -= 1 # count = count - 1 -> 6

  print(count)

  count *= 3 # count = count * 3 -> 18

  print(count)

  count //= 4 # count = count // 4 -> 4

  print(count)

  Out [4]:

  6

  18

  4

🔍 Membership (doesn't get you into Costco) Operators - In, Not In

Check if something is present (in) or not present (not in) in a list, dictionary or any other collection

  In [5]:

  fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]

  print("apple" in fruits)

  print("orange" not in fruits)

  Out [5]:

  True

  True

🧠 Logical Operators - And, Or, Not

To combine conditional statements that we covered yesterday

  In [6]:

  age = 20

  has_id = True

  print(age > 18 and has_id) # True (both conditions True)

  print(age < 18 or has_id) # True (one condition True)

  print(not has_id) # False (negation)

  Out [6]:

  True

  True

  False

🪪 Identity Operators (Is, Is Not)

Two variables can have same values ( x = 2, y =2) but might point to different object in memory *think backend), Example - There can be many by name Peter Parker, but the spider man one would have a specific ID (lol)

is returns True if the variables refer to the exact same object.
is not returns True if they refer to different objects.

Run the below snippet yourself and see

  In [7]:

  a = [1, 2, 3]

  b = a # b points to the same object as a

  c = [1, 2, 3] # c is a different object with the same value

  print(a is b) # True, because a and b refer to the same list object

  print(a is c) # False, because a and c are different objects (even though values are equal)

  print(a == c) # True, because the values inside the lists are equal

  print(a is not c) # True, since they are not the same object

  Out [7]:

  True

  False

  True

  True

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